Every person has an idea about education on the ordinary, everyday level. Meanwhile, his or her scientific realization is more complex and solid. It starts with a basic understanding of goals. This problem of purposes can be traced back to ancient times. Nowadays it is a complex and controversial one.
Educational process is largely focused on commitment. It presupposes a certain direction of educational efforts, awareness of their long-run objectives, and includes the cognitive side of content and the means of achieving these goals. The goals of education are determined by ideological and value guidelines, which declare a particular society.
at the level of modern culture. His scientific views of the world, his natural inclinations and abilities are developed; he is healthy physically and works for the good of mankind.
Modern society and technological progress require a wide range of human knowledge. Hence education has steps to meet the need in the development of cognitive growth of a man. Its purpose is shifted from an ordinary transfer of skills to personality development in terms of the usefulness of a man for society. Thus, education emphasis is on special subjects. Under such conditions, the interests of the identity, the hidden potentialities, talents and inclinations of a student are left out of consideration.
According to Spencer, education is the art to teach people how to live a full life. Furthermore, to live a full life is the main goal of education. During the Industrial Era the slogan “Time is money” has appeared, the pace of life has sped up, and so long as life is short, then time of knowledge acquisition is limited. Therefore it is necessary to choose what is the most important thing to a man. Moreover, Spencer has selected five main activities that are needed to teach a person: 1) activities which directly minister to self- preservation, 2) activities that lead to procure one's living, 3) activities seek to the bringing up of children, 4) activities that are necessary to fulfill the social and civic responsibilities, and 5) activities of leisure, which aim to meet their own tastes.
A contemporary ethical theorist Clifford Christians has argued that a society is only as good as its treatment of its most vulnerable members – the old, the sick, the poor, and the disenfranchised. We might extend this list to include the students.
Of course, two widely recognized ethical principles define Spencer approach to education now: reciprocity and universality. Reciprocity refers to treating people as you want to be treated yourself, while universality refers to acting as you would want other people to act in similar situations. They are not hard principles to grasp, just to practice.
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References
Spencer, H., (2002). First Principles, Univ. Pr. of the Pacific, 6th edition (April 2002).
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