Introduction
According to the World Health Organization, “depression is a common mental disorder that presents with depressed mood, loss of interest or pleasure, feelings of guilt or low self-worth, disturbed sleep or appetite, low energy, and poor concentration (Mental health).”
Thus, the main symptoms are bad mood, lack of interest towards anything, presence of feeling of guilt, low self-esteem, problems with appetite, sleep, low productivity at work, and inability to concentrate effectively (Miletich, 1995).
Depression is widely studied as it is a significant health-related problem. In order to overcome it, a range of tools were developed. The CDI is one of them and it is commonly used to assess depression in children.
BDI-II is used when it is necessary to access depressive symptoms in individuals who are older than 13 years. HAM-D, which is one more tool, involves 21 items and it helps to measure the severity of the symptoms in people who have been previously diagnosed with depression. More tools which have been developed several decades ago and were improved and still are used nowadays are ASEBA, CES-D, RADS-2 (Muller, Erford, Bradley, 2010; Alpert, J., Fava, M. (2004).).
Review of 2 studies
Hypothesis
It is suggested that males are more likely to externalize their depression whereas females internalize their depression.
Method
Participants will be 10 male and 10 female La Trobe University first year students. They will respond questions of a questionnaire using computer to type, and pens and paper to write.
Measures
The hypothetic results are from the hypothetical “BEC Depression Inventory” that range from0-40, and higher scores indicate greater symptom severity. Male scores are:
Mean = 31.00
Standard deviation = 2.07
Male subsample size = 45
Female scores are:
Mean = 24.20
Standard deviation = 1.89
Female subsample size = 42
References
Alpert, J., Fava, M. (2004). Handbook of chronic depression: diagnosis and therapeutic management. Marcel Dekker, New York.
Mental Health, Depression. WHO, Retrieved from HYPERLINK "http://www.who.int/mental_health/management/depression/definition/en/" http://www.who.int/mental_health/management/depression/definition/en/
Miletich, J. (1995). Depression: a multimedia sourcebook. Greenwoods Press, Westport, CT.
Muller, B., Erford, B. (2012). Choosing assessment instruments for depression outcome research with school-age youth. Journal of counseling and Development, 90(2).
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